The Rhythm of the Spheres

Reading the Night Sky

Wandering in Astronomy

The night sky is the oldest pattern of man, and every culture reads it differently. The stars above keep silent time, moving to a rhythm we are just now beginning to understand. Astronomy is where math, science, art, music, and words meet in a wondrous collision. In this section of our site, learn the basics of astronomy: from how a star chart is made, to projections and art that map the night sky, to how an astrolabe works just like it did thousands of years ago. Watch the North Star shift across centuries, explore how one sky has been mapped by many traditions, read what happened on this day in space, and see tonight’s moon for your location.

Map the Stars

The math behind star charts, with a projection explorer and a working astrolabe.

The Moving Sky

How the sky shifts across centuries, with a precession clock you can run.

The Traditions

One sky reads many ways, with a same-sky overlay of the world’s constellations.

This Day in the Stars

The sky’s events, discoveries, and lore tied to today’s date.

The Moon Tonight

Its phase and face, drawn live for where you’re standing.

โœฆ  Astronomy Picture of the Day  โœฆ

Simulation TNG50: A Galaxy Cluster Forms

May 29, 2022
Credit: Video Credit: IllustrisTNG Project ; Visualization: Dylan Nelson ( Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics ) et al. Music: Symphony No. 5 ( Ludwig van Beethoven ), via YouTube Audio Library
See this entry on NASA's APOD โ†’
How do clusters of galaxies form? Since our universe moves too slowly to watch, faster-moving computer simulations are created to help find out. A recent effort is TNG50 from IllustrisTNG , an upgrade of the famous Illustris Simulation . The first part of the featured video tracks cosmic gas (mostly hydrogen ) as it evolves into galaxies and galaxy clusters from the early universe to today, with brighter colors marking faster moving gas. As the universe matures, gas falls into gravitational wells , galaxies forms, galaxies spin, galaxies collide and merge, all while black holes form in galaxy centers and expel surrounding gas at high speeds. The second half of the video switches to tracking stars, showing a galaxy cluster coming together complete with tidal tail s and stellar streams . The outflow from black holes in TNG50 is surprisingly complex and details are being compared with our real universe . Studying how gas coalesced in the early universe helps humanity better understand how our Earth , Sun , and Solar System originally formed.

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โœฆ  EarthSky  ยท  Astronomy.com  ยท  Phys.org  โœฆ
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