The Rhythm of the Spheres

Reading the Night Sky

Wandering in Astronomy

The night sky is the oldest pattern of man, and every culture reads it differently. The stars above keep silent time, moving to a rhythm we are just now beginning to understand. Astronomy is where math, science, art, music, and words meet in a wondrous collision. In this section of our site, learn the basics of astronomy: from how a star chart is made, to projections and art that map the night sky, to how an astrolabe works just like it did thousands of years ago. Watch the North Star shift across centuries, explore how one sky has been mapped by many traditions, read what happened on this day in space, and see tonight’s moon for your location.

Map the Stars

The math behind star charts, with a projection explorer and a working astrolabe.

The Moving Sky

How the sky shifts across centuries, with a precession clock you can run.

The Traditions

One sky reads many ways, with a same-sky overlay of the world’s constellations.

This Day in the Stars

The sky’s events, discoveries, and lore tied to today’s date.

The Moon Tonight

Its phase and face, drawn live for where you’re standing.

โœฆ  Astronomy Picture of the Day  โœฆ

Europa and Jupiter from Voyager 1

July 17, 2022
Credit: NASA , Voyager 1, JPL, Caltech ; Processing & License: Alexis Tranchandon / Solaris
See this entry on NASA's APOD โ†’
What are those spots on Jupiter? Largest and furthest, just right of center, is the Great Red Spot -- a huge storm system that has been raging on Jupiter possibly since Giovanni Cassini 's likely notation of it 357 years ago . It is not yet known why this Great Spot is red . The spot toward the lower left is one of Jupiter's largest moons: Europa . Images from Voyager in 1979 bolster the modern hypothesis that Europa has an underground ocean and is therefore a good place to look for extraterrestrial life . But what about the dark spot on the upper right? That is a shadow of another of Jupiter's large moons: Io . Voyager 1 discovered Io to be so volcanic that no impact crater s could be found. Sixteen frames from Voyager 1's flyby of Jupiter in 1979 were recently reprocessed and merged to create the featured image . Forty-five years ago this September, Voyager 1 launched from Earth and started one of the greatest explorations of the Solar System ever.

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